The
Joker is a fictional
supervillain created by
Bill Finger,
Bob Kane, and
Jerry Robinson that first appeared in the debut issue of the
comic book Batman (April 25, 1940) published by
DC Comics. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design, while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero
Batman.
In his comic book appearances, the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind. Introduced as a
psychopath with a warped, sadistic sense of humor, the character became a goofy prankster in the late 1950s in response to regulation by the
Comics Code Authority, before returning to his darker roots during the early 1970s. As Batman's nemesis, the Joker has been part of the superhero's defining stories, including the murder of
Jason Todd—the second
Robin and Batman's ward—and the paralysis of one of Batman's allies,
Barbara Gordon. The Joker has had various possible origin stories during his decades of appearances. The most common story involves him falling into a tank of chemical waste which bleaches his skin white, turns his hair green, and his lips bright red; the resulting disfigurement drives him insane. The antithesis of Batman in personality and appearance, the Joker is considered by critics to be his perfect adversary.